Active History

Heavy Metal: The History of the Coin

September 11, 2013 No Comments

By Amanda Walters

It’s something we seemingly can’t live without, and something most of us know very little about. Coins, and all forms of money for that matter, are an important part of our lives, allowing us to buy food, drinks and other products as well as to pay for parking and for services. Yet we don’t tend to stop and think about how far they’ve come since they were first brought into circulation.

Over the past few month, news hit that the look of British currency will change. Author Jane Austen will appear on the £10 note in place of Charles Darwin, following criticism that the Bank of England had ignored important women in British history with its announcement that Winston Churchill will replace prison reformer Elizabeth Fry on the £5 note. Back in 1998, the bank introduced the £2 coin into circulation, the most recent addition to British currency. And across the ocean, the Royal Canadian Mint ended production of its one-cent penny coin in February. These recent news items illustrate that money changes over time and has quite a history. Continue reading →

Lessons from the past: “So What is Government for Anyway?”

September 10, 2013 1 Comment

By Greg Kennedy

I have recently made a habit of asking this question at opportune moments in classes and public lectures. Hilarious bewilderment usually ensues. Younger people shrug, while older people often get angry because of corrupt senators.

I am increasingly convinced that this has become an esoteric question in our modern society. Political scientists for example, would probably answer with some notion of the social contract – the idea that we accept certain limitations on our freedom (to obey laws, to pay taxes) in return for protection and services that only a centralized sovereign government can provide. When I ask the follow-up question “why do you pay taxes?” people generally respond along these lines, with reference to education and healthcare.

As a historian of the early modern period (we call it the colonial period in Canada), I have the annoying habit of comparing the present with the past. If you ever want to be rid of the notion of human evolution, just become a historian. Here are a couple of examples involving government where the present sounds a lot like the past: Continue reading →

The Internet Archive Rocks, or, Two Million Plus Free Sources to Explore

September 9, 2013 2 Comments

Checking out a 1857 book from the Internet Archive, no big deal.

By Ian Milligan

For many students, it’s back to school season. For me, that means it is time to think about some of the resources and tools that are out there. If you want to research a topic, it’s worth keeping in mind some great repositories online. The big one online is the Internet Archive – which is not just old websites.

I’ve written about the Internet Archive before, and it’s actually the main source base for my current major research project. But today I want to give a brief sense of what else you can find there in terms of digitized primary sources, amongst this massive newfangled Library of Alexandria that should be so central to many of our workflows. If you’re a historian, or are interested in history, I guarantee you’ll find something useful in the Internet Archive. Heck, if you use Mozilla Firefox, install a search plug-in right now for it. We’ll be here when you get back.

The inspiration for this post is the accomplishment of yet another major milestone: two million books, all freely downloadable, generated by a large network of some 33 scanning centres around the world. And that’s just books – there are additionally millions of texts. Continue reading →

Announcement: 2nd Annual ACO Nextgen Design Charette

September 6, 2013 1 Comment

The assigned project site is located along Mill St. between Parliament and Trinity Streets in the historic Distillery District of Toronto. The site contains a designated heritage building at the corner of Mill and Trinity Streets. 18-20 Trinity St is a masonry warehouse building, built in 1906 by David Roberts Jr. for the Gooderman and Worts company. It has evolved through
various alterations and additions (between 1916 – 1929) to its present form.

Project Objectives:

Develop an innovative proposal for the site
Propose an appropriate use/program for 18-20 Trinity and project site
Consider thoughtful connections to the Distillery District to the South, and the First
Parliament Site to the West, and the West Don Lands Development to the East
Respond to existing, approved, and in progress developments adjacent to the site
Reflect the history of the site through architectural, landscape, and interpretation
strategies
Develop five key statements/strategies for the success of this site

Depending on the backgrounds of group members, the participants will be encouraged (but
not limited) to:

Review and respond to the West Don Lands Master Plan
Review and respond to the current King-Parliament Secondary Plan Review and respond to the current King-Parliament Urban Design Guidelines
Illustrate their scheme through 3D and 2D graphics, hand sketches etc.
Suggest possible conservation/restoration strategies
Justify the proposed use of the site using planning policies and a proposed public
engagement strategy
Suggest possible visions for directly adjacent sites

Participants will be provided with the following documents:

DWG files and printed drawings of 18-20 Trinity St. and Project Site Plan
A 3D Sketchup model of the site and context (existing and proposed)
Digital copies of any relevant planning documents

Participants will be organized in teams of 5-6, and will be given one day to develop their
scheme. At the end of the day, the groups will present a 5-minute digital presentation
(PowerPoint or PDF) explaining their approach. The digital presentations must contain a title
page with the first and last names of each group member.
The event venue is located very close to the site. As such, participants will be encouraged to
visit the site over the course of the day. Participants are strongly encouraged to bring
laptops, as many of the provided resources will be digital.

Into the Secret Archive: An Interview with the Authors of Secret Service

September 3, 2013 1 Comment

By Daniel Ross

Discussed in this post: Reg Whitaker, Gregory S. Kealey and Andrew Parnaby, Secret Service: Political Policing in Canada from the Fenians to Fortress America (University of Toronto Press, 2012).

Beginning before Confederation—but especially since the mid-twentieth century—political policing has been something of a growth industry in Canada. As a landmark new book on the subject makes clear, over the past century the federal state has devoted considerable resources to spying on its populace in an effort to find and contain “the enemy within”. Its targets have been a varied, but mostly left-leaning, bunch, ranging from Fenians to Quebec nationalists, labour organizers to gays and lesbians. By the late 1970s, the RCMP security service had files on 800,000 individuals, among a population of just over 23 million. An enormous secret archive, and a potential treasure trove for historians.

In a previous post I discussed how security services on both sides of the Canada-US border spied on countercultural communes like Tennessee’s The Farm in the 1960s and 1970s. Some interesting information about the Canadian side of that story came to light through a series of access to information requests I made for files about “hippies”. That experience got me thinking: why aren’t more historians—and especially graduate students—working with the files of CSIS and the RCMP? I asked the authors of Secret Service: Political Policing in Canada from the Fenians to Fortress America about the researching and writing of their book. Their answers highlight both the possibilities and problems of digging into the secret archive. Continue reading →

Ten Books to Contextualize Idle No More

August 29, 2013 1 Comment

ActiveHistory.ca is on a two-week hiatus, but we’ll be back with new content in early September. During the hiatus, we’re featuring some of our favourite and most popular blog posts from this site over the past year. Thanks as always to our writers and readers!

The following post was originally featured on January 4 2013.

By Andrew Watson and Thomas Peace

After reading comment after uninformed comment, both online and in the media, ActiveHistory.ca decided to compile a short list of books written by historians that address the issues being discussed by the Idle No More movement. Click on a link below to read a brief summary of the book.

Peggy Blair, Lament for a First Nation
Jarvis Browlie, A Fatherly Eye
Shelagh Grant, Arctic Justice
Cole Harris, Making Native Space
Douglas Harris, Fish, Law and Colonialism
J.R. Miller, Compact, Contract, Covenant
Jocelyn Thorpe, Temagami’s Tangled Wild
Treaty Seven Elders and Tribal Council, The True Spirit and Original Intent of Treaty 7
William C. Wicken, Mi’kmaq Treaties on Trial
Michael Witgen, An Infinity of Nations

In addition to these books, we would also like to direct your attention to the Canada in the Making‘s section on “Aboriginals: Treaties & Relations.” This website provides an overview of the relationship between European empires, the Canadian state and First Nation peoples from the late-fifteenth century to the present. It includes links to online copies of many foundational – and constitutional – documents underpinning Canada’s relationship with First Nation peoples. Continue reading →

The Raccoons

August 28, 2013 1 Comment

Image used under fair use terms. Copyright of Skywriter Media & Entertainment Groups. http://skywritermedia.com/the-raccoons/

The following post was originally featured on August 30 2012.

By Daniel Macfarlane

The Raccoons “Run with us – we got everything you need!” Does that line from a certain theme song jog any memories for Canadians between the ages of about 20 to 40? What about Ralph, Melissa, Cedric? If not those names, then surely Bert or Cyril Sneer?

The theme song, and the aforementioned characters, are from The Raccoons. This cartoon staring the eponymous anthropomorphized scavengers appeared on CBC for over a decade between 1980-91. This piece of Canadiana started as four specials, and then became a syndicated half-hour series. Cyril Sneer (an aardvark, by the way) was the corporate tree-cutting, money-grubbing villain who served as the foil to main protagonist, the bumbling but lovable Bert and the rest of his crew in Evergreen Forest (apparently somewhere in B.C.).

Continue reading →

The Need for Speedy History in the Post-War Canadian North

August 27, 2013 No Comments

495px-Spring_in_the_Canadian_Arctic

The following post was originally featured on April 29 2013.

By Ken Coates and Bill Morrison

Things change – but rarely as fast and comprehensively as in the Canadian North. As late as the 1950s, most Indigenous people in the territorial and provincial North lived off the land, traveling seasonally to fish, hunt, trap and gather. The hand of Ottawa had just begun to be felt, gently in the case of Mother’s Allowance, firmly with removing children to residential schools, and more aggressively with the relocation of indigenous people to government-built reserve communities. Continue reading →

Municipal Conflicts of Interest in Canada, Old and New

August 26, 2013 1 Comment

The following post was originally featured on December 4 2012.

By Daniel Ross

He was a controversial mayor from the start. An unabashed populist, he rallied support during his campaigns by promising to cut taxes and reduce waste at city hall. As a result, he won an impressive share of the popular vote. He never denied having links to the city’s business and development community—he ran a successful business himself—and his policies certainly reflected that. From early on, accusations of bending the rules shadowed his career. But it was a legal challenge from an ordinary citizen alleging a conflict of interest that led to him losing his job.

Rob Ford and William Hawrelak. Sources: City of Toronto; City of Edmonton Archives, EA-10-1600

That man’s name was William Hawrelak, mayor of Edmonton from 1951-59, 1963-65, and 1974-75. His story is remarkable, and not just because of its superficial similarities to that of recently deposed Toronto Mayor Rob Ford. Few Canadian politicians have managed to combine success and failure as dramatically as he did in his 30-year career in public office. But in another way, his tale, like Ford’s, is nothing new. Concern over politicians using public office for private benefit has often dogged local politics in Canada, and one result has been strict conflict of interest law.

In this post I’d like to take a look at Rob Ford’s removal from office in light of a short history of municipal conflict of interest in Canada. It turns out there is nothing unprecedented about the penalty he faces, or the populist way he and his supporters have responded to his removal. Continue reading →

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