Active History

China’s Official History and Wild Histories

May 28, 2014 No Comments

By David Webster

In Canada, some say, you can only get a new history museum by renaming an existing museum.

In China, the 2010-1015 Five-Year Plan envisions opening 3,500 new museums. And this isn’t a matter of grandiose targets never to be achieved: by the end of last year, 4,000 museums had opened.

The Chinese state’s efforts to control the country’s national narrative dwarf the federal Harper government’s (all too real) efforts to harness history to a usable national narrative, or the efforts of Pauline Marois’ outgoing government to promote more of the teaching of Quebec’s national history in Quebec schools.

It overspills into foreign relations. In March 2014, a visit to France by Chinese president Xi Jinping saw two history-conscious governments dig into and warp the past to paint a picture of historic ties that both hoped would underpin improved Sino-French collaboration. Xi’s visit included a high-profile stop at the Sino-French Institute in Lyon, where many Chinese students studied in their years of exile from Chiang Kai-shek’s authoritarian regime between the 1920s and the 1940s. This was the result of an agreement inked by Cai Yuanpei, dean of Peking University, the site of numerous anti-government protests throughout China’s 20th century history. The visit, in one critical account, aimed at showing China’s current authoritarian regime was “retrospectively responsible for and in control of all of China’s modern history irrespective of its past political colours.” Continue reading →

History Slam Episode Forty-Two: The Politics of Memory with Yves Frenette

May 27, 2014 1 Comment

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By Sean Graham

Since coming to power in 2006, the Harper government has increasingly involved itself in historical commemorations. Perhaps most famously with the War of 1812 television campaign, the government’s efforts have led to debates over what events should be commemorated and how political considerations shape the construction of social memory. Last week the Canadian Journal of History published an article by Yves Frenette, professor at the Université de Saint-Boniface, in which he discusses these issues and examines how the Harper government has used history and commemoration for political purposes.

In this episode of the History Slam, I chat with Professor Frenette about his article. We talk about the history of commemoration in Canada, the politics of commemoration, and the place of history in Canadian life. The article will be open access through June 10, 2014 and can be found here.

Sean Graham is a doctoral candidate at the University of Ottawa where he is currently working on a project that examines the early years of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. He has previously studied at Nipissing University, the University of the West Indies, and the University of Regina and like any red-blooded Canadian his ultimate dream is to be a curling champion while living on a diet of beer and poutine.

What does Canadian History Look Like? Impressions from the Periodical Room

May 26, 2014 3 Comments

By Tom Peace

This morning, as you read this post, historians from across the country have gathered at Brock University in St. Catherines, Ontario for the Canadian Historical Association’s annual meeting (click here to read the program). The CHA’s annual meeting is one of the most important forums to hear about new and emerging research on Canada’s past or by historians working in Canada on non-Canadian subjects. This year, panels address computer modeling of battles and pandemics (today at 9 a.m.), the 1200^th anniversary of Charlemagne’s death (also at 9 a.m.), surveillance in 20^th century Canada (tomorrow at 8:30 a.m.) and Canadian historians and the media (a panel we’re sponsoring at noon on Wednesday). There’s always a little bit for everyone and it’s a good place to familiarize yourself with the breadth of historical work being conducted in Canada.

As such, the CHA’s annual meeting provides a convenient opportunity to reflect on the current state of Canadian history. Last year, at the start of the CHA, I wrote a post analyzing paper titles over the past decade, using them as an index to better understand the subjects on which historians are working (click here to read that post). The theory underpinning that exercise was, when taken collectively, paper titles reveal broader patterns about the state of the field. This year, I’ve embarked on a similar task, looking at the Canadian history papers that will be delivered over the next three days and setting them in a broader context. Instead of rehashing last year’s post, though, I’ve decided to take my study a little further. Rather than looking at past CHA programs, this year I decided to take a look at what some of Canada’s premier history journals suggest about the field as a whole. To do so, like last year, I’ve run article titles from the past decade of Acadiensis, B.C. Studies, Revue d’histoire de l’Amérique française and the Canadian Historical Review through wordle.net (for the visualizations) and Voyant Tools (for the word ranking) to get a better sense of the topics in which Canadian historians are interested.[1]

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Podcast: “Death or Deliverance: Canadian Courts Martial in the Great War” by Teresa Iacobelli

May 23, 2014 No Comments

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The Ottawa Historical Association welcomed historian Teresa Iacobelli on March 5, 2014.

ActiveHistory is happy to feature her talk “Death or Deliverance: Canadian Courts Martial in the Great War”.

Iacobelli is a SSHRC postdoctoral fellow at Queen’s University. Her talk is based on her book of the same title: Death or Deliverance: Canadian Courts Martial in the Great War (UBC Press, 2013)

Carpe Aqua: Asian Carp, Invasive Species, and the Great Lakes

May 22, 2014 1 Comment

By Daniel Macfarlane

Invasive species in the Great Lakes have been a big problem for decades. From the alewife, which first appeared in the Great Lakes in the 1800s, to the zebra mussels in recent decades, the composition of the Great Lakes biomass has been constantly in flux. And the problem is about to get bigger – literally, as Asian carp are knocking on the doorstep.

Granted, “invasive” species is a subjective term. The pernicious sea lamprey, for example, may well have been native to the lower Great Lakes; conversely, exotic species – such as the Pacific salmon, stocked in the Great Lakes to support sports fisheries – aren’t considered “invasive.” Basically, when we don’t like the consequences of new types of flora and fauna, even though most are introduced because of human actions, we call them “invasive”.

Asian carp. Wikimedia Commons.

Great Lakes newcomers have tended to enter through canals, either moving in the water via locks or hitching a ride in the ballast water of vessels. Asian carp are no exception: during the 1970s they were purposefully introduced into the American South to act as natural vacuums in fish farms. By the 1990s the carp had escaped and have since been inexorably working their way northward up the Mississippi River and its tributaries. The most prominent means, or vector, for the carp to get into the Great Lakes is via the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. Continue reading →

History Slam Episode Forty-One: Race, Identity, and Newfoundland Culture in Robert Chafe’s Oil and Water

May 21, 2014 2 Comments

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By Sean Graham

Alison Woolridge, Neema Bikersteth, and Jeremiah Sparks in Oil and Water at the Neptune Theatre. Photo via the National Arts Centre.

On February 18, 1942 off the coast of St. Lawrence, Newfoundland, the USS Truxton and the USS Pollux ran aground in the midst of a harsh winter storm. Of the 389 sailors on both ships, only 186 survived. Of those, one stood out: Lanier Phillips. After being rescued by a group of locals, Phillips became the first African American in St. Lawrence, an experience that forever changed him and the community.

That transformation is the focus of playwright Robert Chafe’s Oil and Water, which is currently running at the National Arts Centre. The show examines both Lanier’s background and that of the St. Lawrence townspeople. The two parallel stories come together in a beautifully poignant moment that demonstrates how our preconceptions can be changed in an instant.
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Feminism and Technology: Doing Active History at the Berkshire Conference

May 20, 2014 2 Comments

By Jenny Ellison

For only the second time in its history, the 2014 Berks Conference will feature a Digital Lab. Here, visitors can browse and interact with a selection of digital history projects, listen to project leaders talk about their work, and, on May 25, participate in a Wikipedia Hack-a-Thon to improve women’s history content online. Scholars and artists who use technologies like photography, film, and audio to interrogate gender norms, gendered spaces, and women’s absence/presence in history are also featured at the Berks. Technology, too, is being used by participants to talk about their research, to carpool, to live-tweet panels, and together with Activehistory.ca, to share podcasts of some of our keynotes.

By foregrounding technology and digital media in particular, the Berks is making space to think about contemporary aspects of feminist activism and women’s experiences. The role of Twitter and social media in feminist activism is the subject of debate. As Arit John explains in The Wire magazine’s review of Twitter Feminism in 2013, feminists on social media have used hashtags like #solidarityisforwhitewomen and #notyournarrative to debate gender, race, and class differences and to challenge white privilege. Bringing these longstanding debates to Twitter has been, for some, a productive way to challenge representations of feminism and vent frustrations about misogyny and patriarchy today. On the other hand, John argues, so-called #hashtag activism may result in further divisions because of the limitations of using 140 characters to discuss complex issues. Continue reading →

Where We Tell Their Stories: Commemorating Women’s History in Toronto through Plaques and Markers

May 16, 2014 No Comments

By Kaitlin Wainwright

Joyce Wieland in her studio, ca. 1960. Tess Taconis / Library and Archives Canada / PA-137321

When British Labour politician Tony Benn passed away this March, attention was drawn to his efforts in the British Houses of Parliament to install plaques that told histories of the suffrage movement in Britain. Among them was one he installed illegally in the broom closet where Emily Wilding Davison, a suffragist, hid on the night of the 1911 census, so as to be able to legally declare her address as the House of Commons, thus highlighting political inequality.

Toronto is welcoming historians of gender, sexuality, and women’s history to the 2014 Berkshire Conference, and this provides an opportunity to highlight and reflect on the history of women and gender within the context of historical plaques in the city. Heritage Toronto will do so on Thursday May 22, when it unveils three plaques to commemorate prominent women who spent time living or working in Toronto. Part of its Legacy Plaque series, which is inspired from English Heritage’s “blue plaque” scheme, these plaques mark a step towards greater inclusion of women within our public history narrative.

In 2012, Ian Milligan used topic modelling to take a big-picture look at all plaques in Toronto: What he found is that through plaques, we can track perceptions about our past over time. This holds true for plaques broadly, as well as themes. For instance, as we move away from the Modern period of architecture, we gain historical distance and are more likely to feel nostalgia towards it and recognize it as having heritage value.
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As American As Apple Pie: The Lack of Paid Parental Benefits in the United States

May 14, 2014 2 Comments

Source: International Labour Office Maternity Protection Database.

By Elizabeth O’Gorek

My husband and I recently moved to the United States. He accepted an good job offer in a nice city. The company arranged my work visa, and there is a good benefits package. So, in preparation for working and working on a family, I thought I’d research the legislation on paid maternity benefits.

This is what I learned: The United States is the only industrialized nation – and one of only four nations—that has no federally legislated paid maternity leave (let alone paternity leave).^[1]

An American social welfare system exists. It is huge and complicated, combining government spending, tax benefits and breaks with private social benefits. According to a 2012 report by the Rutgers Center for Women and Work, 11 percent of private employees and 17 percent of public employees reported access to paid family leave through their employer. Those without private benefits cobble coverage together from sick days, vacation, and savings.

This lack of legislated benefits surprised me, since American culture is so opinionated about parenting choices. Last month when New York Mets second baseman Daniel Murphy missed the first two games of the regular season for paternity leave, commentators said that he’d best support his family by earning a paycheque, and that he ought to “get his a** back to” work. Conversely, when Marissa Mayer was appointed CEO of Yahoo! commentators doubted that the pregnant Mayer would be able to “raise both a child and stock prices.” When she returned to work a mere two weeks after giving birth (perhaps to prove she could do just that) bloggers argued that she was betraying female solidarity by minimizing the difficulties associated with childbirth.

Both Murphy and Mayer are affluent and so they have the freedom to do whatever they wish. Still, they were criticized as breadwinner and mother, respectively. I’m not surprised that the internet exploded with opinion at these choices. I’m surprised, given the rhetoric about “the nation’s children” that commentators focus on what these decisions were, rather than the fact that most Americans have no choice.

The explanation must lie in American History. Continue reading →

Women’s History, Active History, and the 2014 Berkshire Conference

May 13, 2014 1 Comment

By Adele Perry

Later this month the University of Toronto’s downtown campus will host the Berkshire Conference on the History of Women. This is a big deal for a number of reasons. It is the first time that this venerable and highly visible conference has met outside of the United States. And there is also the sheer scale of the event. There are about 1,300 scholars involved in the conference in over 250 sessions, and still more involved in poster sessions, workshops, film-screenings, and cultural programming. At 167 pages, the conference programme is staggering. The 2014 Berks also suggests some of the ways that women’s and gender history is a particular kind of active history with the power to speak to our complicated present.

The demand that the academic discipline make room for women as subjects, authors, and teachers of history was inseparable from the revival of feminism in the so-called second wave in the 1960s and 70s. Since then, women’s and gender history has had notable success in gaining entry to – and institutional authority within – the academy, at least in the United States and Canada. Joan Wallach Scott was critical to this push for women’s history, and in 2004 she accessed the changing status and meaning of women’s history in the American university. Scott argued that women’s history had attained a substantial level of success as measured by “an enormous corpus of writing, an imposing institutional presence, a substantial list of journals, and a foothold in popular consciousness….”[1] Of course this is a truncated version of Scott’s argument, and hers, in any case, is not the only possible reading. We might access the trajectory of women’s history in light of the capacity of neo-liberal regimes to undermine feminist scholarship, something that becomes clearer every time a women’s studies department is shuttered. We might also more rigorously situate these gains within the particular terrains within which they have been most clearly felt and more carefully register those constituencies that occupy small and insecure places within the mainstream academy.
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