In Japan, August is the month of the dead. It is the time of the year when spirits of the dead are believed to return home and when millions of people return “home” to greet them. This past week, my family in Japan and I busied ourselves by cleaning the family tomb, sprucing up the household altar, and suffering half a day of bumper-to-bumper traffic to visit my mother-in-law’s hometown to pay our respects to both the living and the dead.
The month of the dead is also defined by the anniversary of the end of the war, which falls coincidently in the middle of the Bon (ancestor) Festival. For the most part, the welcoming and sending off of the spirits of the war dead happens in the private spaces of the home and the family tomb, where the families welcome the dead, spend the week eating and drinking with them, and then send them off with some drink, fire, and food.
On 15 August, the spirits of some 3 million Japanese soldiers and civilians who were killed in World War II come home. Most of the remembrance ceremonies for the war dead are private. However, there are much more public ways of remember people who not only died for their families but also as a sacrifice for the welling being of the nation. On 15 August, the spirits of the dead are coaxed to join people in more complex, raucous spaces of memorialization. On this day, the Yasukuni Shrine complex serves as an important space for this kind of memorialization. Built in 1869, the shrine lists the names of some 2.5 million Japanese war dead from 1869 to 1945, including 14 Class-A war criminals who were enshrined in 1978. Continue reading →